Hak5 Firmware & Downloads — The Complete Index
學習目標：讀完你將能自己找到並更新任何 Hak5 裝置的韌體、下載 PayloadStudio 編寫 Payload、並從官方 Payload 倉庫同步現成腳本。 適用對象：初學者 ｜ 前置需求：一台 Hak5 裝置（任一型號）
Before we give you a giant table of links, you should understand the two kinds of "software" a Hak5 device runs, because beginners mix them up all the time:
- Firmware — the operating system that makes the hardware work (Linux/OpenWrt underneath). You update it rarely, and only when a feature or fix you need ships.
- Payloads — the scripts that tell the device what to do (type these keys, run this scan, capture that traffic). You swap these constantly. They are not firmware.
PayloadStudio (payloadstudio.hak5.org) is the official browser-based IDE for writing and compiling payloads. It is the only officially supported DuckyScript encoder — old tutorials telling you to download a Java or JavaScript "encoder" are outdated. PayloadStudio runs entirely in your browser and supports Community (free) and Pro editions.
Official firmware & tools table
| What you need | Where to get it | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| All official documentation | https://docs.hak5.org | Searchable; every product has its own docs tree |
| PayloadStudio | https://payloadstudio.hak5.org | Browser IDE for all DuckyScript devices — no install |
| WiFi Pineapple (all models) firmware | Web UI → Settings → Software Update | The Pineapple updates itself over the network; no manual download needed |
| USB Rubber Ducky / Bash Bunny / Key Croc / Shark Jack / Packet Squirrel | SSH or serial → UPDATE_FIRMWARE helper | See the SSH section below |
| O.MG device firmware | O.MG Programmer + WebFlasher | https://o.mg.lol/setup/ — Chrome or Edge (WebSerial) |
| Screen Crab / Malicious Cable Detector | config-driven, no firmware flashing | Screenshot/update via MicroSD config files |
| Cloud C² | https://cloudc2.io | Free self-hosted command & control for Pineapple, Croc, Squirrel, Screen Crab |
Community payload repositories
Hak5 maintains official GitHub repos of community payloads. These are the fastest way to see real, working scripts before you write your own.
| Device | Payload repo | What's inside |
|---|---|---|
| USB Rubber Ducky | https://github.com/hak5/usbrubberducky-payloads | Classic + DuckyScript 3.0 payloads (extensions, templates) |
| Bash Bunny | https://github.com/hak5/bashbunny-payloads | switch1/2/3 payload folders |
| Key Croc | https://github.com/hak5/keycroc-payloads | Interpreted DuckyScript (no compilation) + language files |
| Shark Jack | https://github.com/hak5/shark-payloads | Recon, exfil, access payloads |
| Packet Squirrel | https://github.com/hak5/packetsquirrel-payloads | Sniff, proxy, DNS payloads |
| WiFi Pineapple | https://github.com/hak5/wifi-pineapple-modules | Modules for the PineAP marketplace |
| PayloadHub | https://payloads.hak5.org | Searchable, community-rated payload index across all devices |
Don't blindly trust payloads from the internet. Any script you run on a Hak5 device executes with root privileges on a Linux box — or types keystrokes into a target. Read every payload you download. That is exactly what a professional does before deployment.
Method A: Update firmware over SSH (USB payload devices)
Devices like the Bash Bunny, Shark Jack, and Key Croc ship with helper commands you run from a shell. Connect first (each device's product page shows the exact address — for example, the Shark Jack listens at 172.16.24.1 in arming mode):
# Example — Shark Jack in arming mode, connected via Ethernet
ip addr add 172.16.24.2/24 dev eth0 # your machine joins the Shark's network
ssh root@172.16.24.1 # password: hak5shark
Expected output:
The authenticity of host '172.16.24.1' can't be established.
...
root@172.16.24.1's password:
Welcome to Shark Jack (kernel 4.x.y)
Then, from the device shell, run the update helpers:
UPDATE_FIRMWARE # check for and install firmware updates
UPDATE_PAYLOADS # synchronise the local payload library with the remote repo
Expected output (firmware check):
[*] Checking for firmware updates...
[+] Firmware is up to date
Why helpers and not
apt upgrade? Hak5 deliberately locks the update path to tested releases. A broken firmware flash on some devices (the USB Rubber Ducky in particular) can make the device irrecoverable — Hak5's warranty explicitly excludes firmware-flash damage. Only use the official update mechanisms.
Method B: Update a WiFi Pineapple from the web UI
- Connect to the Pineapple's AP (e.g.
PineAPnetwork) and open the management UI — the WiFi Pineapple Mark VII guide shows the exact address. - Go to Settings → Software Update.
- Click Check for updates, then Update.
- The device reboots; verify the version in the footer of the UI.
Method C: O.MG devices (WebFlasher)
- Insert the O.MG device into a computer running Chrome or Edge (WebSerial required).
- Open the O.MG setup page (https://o.mg.lol/setup/) and select your device model.
- Follow the 3-step WebFlasher wizard — it activates the device, installs the latest firmware, and (optionally) performs a forensic backup first.
- Alternatively, the Python flasher from the O.MG firmware repo works on any OS.
Common errors
| Error message / symptom | Cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
ssh: Connection refused | Device not in arming mode | Flip the switch / press the arming button; verify your static IP is on the device's subnet |
UPDATE_FIRMWARE: command not found | Shell helper only exists on firmware ≥ 1.2.0 | Update manually from the WebUI, or check the docs for your exact model |
| Pineapple "Check for updates" fails | No upstream connection (the AP has no Internet) | Connect an Ethernet uplink or configure the client mode first |
| WebFlasher says "No device found" | Browser lacks WebSerial / device not in bootloader mode | Use Chrome or Edge, and keep the O.MG device unplugged until the wizard asks for it |
| Payload runs but does nothing | You copied a compiled .bin to a device that expects source, or vice versa | Rubber Ducky needs compiled inject.bin; Key Croc runs interpreted payload.txt directly |
After updating: verify
# From the device shell — check the running version
cat /etc/version # Shark Jack / Packet Squirrel
uname -a # any Linux-based Hak5 device
ls /root/payload/library # payload library after UPDATE_PAYLOADS
Expected output:
4.0.0
Linux sharkjack 4.19.0 ... # your exact kernel/version
payload1 payload2 payload3
Still stuck? See the Troubleshooting index or jump back to the Hak5 overview.